Ed Interesting to read their summarised findings ... "The results suggest that small-scale RAS are technically and financially viable only with family labor having proper aquaculture monitoring and management skills. Furthermore, access to adequate equipment and inputs as well as electricity for the recirculating system are crucial. Urban innovation actors will adopt RAS if operations are profitable given that family labor is employed." Ed Would welcome any of our readers/ Followers views / their own experiences on RAS for grow out for different species tilapia? catfish ? other? and also in some of the african countries where over the last 10-15 years they have been tried .... Nigeria ? Kenya? Malawi ? Tanzania ? South Africa ? now in Ghana ? elsewhere .... Best wishes Will ---------- Forwarded message --------- From: Emmanuel Benjamin &lt;emmanuel.benjamin(a)tum.de&gt; Date: Fri, 7 Oct 2022 at 08:50 Subject: [paepard] RE: Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) for Sustainable Urban Farming in Sub-Saharan Africa To: Platform for African – European Partnership in Agricultural Research for Development Phase II (PAEPARD II) &lt;PAEPARD(a)faraafrica.community&gt;ty>, paepard(a)dgroups.org &lt;paepard(a)dgroups.org&gt; Dear valued colleagues, A new publication "Technology-Business-Management of Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) for Sustainable Urban Farming in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Challenges and Opportunities" is now available online. You can find the preprint on the following webpage: https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202210.0041/v1 Regards Emmanuel Olatunbosun Benjamin, PhD Technische Universität München / Technical University of Munich Department of Agricultural Production and Resource Economics Alte Akademie 14 85354 Freising Tel: + 49 (0) 8161 - 71 - 2772 Fax: + 49 (0) 8161 - 71 - 4426 Skype: olusegun.benjamin1 __________ You are receiving this message because you're a member of the community Platform for African – European Partnership in Agricultural Research for Development Phase II (PAEPARD II). A reply to this message will be sent to all members of) Platform for African – European Partnership in Agricultural Research for Development Phase II (PAEPARD II). To reply to sender, send a message to) . To unsubscribe, send an email to leave.PAEPARD(a)faraafrica.community -- *Casammak Aquaculture Consultancy * *SARNISSA African Aquaculture Network * *Follow my daily updated international Facebook sites (news, publications, videos, employment, funding, investment and other) for:* *Casammak Aquaculture <https://5fca2b635abdf.site123.me/> * *Sustainable Aquaculture Stirling <https://www.facebook.com/SustainableAquacultureStirling/>* *SARNISSA African Aquaculture Network * <https://www.facebook.com/sarnissaafrica?ref=hl> *Aquaculture Enterprise Malawi* <https://www.facebook.com/pages/Aquaculture-Enterprise-Malawi/572805602862378?fref=nf> *SEAT Sustaining Ethical Aquaculture Trade Asia (SEAT) * <https://www.facebook.com/SEATGlobal?ref=hl> * See also Sustainable Aquaculture Group Stirling's activities and projects: * *http://www.susaquastirling.net/* <http://www.susaquastirling.net/>