Ed Interesting  to read their   summarised findings ...  

"The results suggest that small-scale RAS are technically and financially viable only with family labor having proper aquaculture monitoring and management skills. Furthermore, access to adequate equipment and inputs as well as electricity for the recirculating system are crucial. Urban innovation actors will adopt RAS if operations are profitable given that family labor is employed."

Ed Would welcome  any of  our readers/ Followers views / their own experiences  on RAS  for grow  out for  different species  tilapia?  catfish ?  other? and also in some  of the african countries where over the last  10-15 years they have been  tried .... Nigeria ? Kenya?  Malawi ?  Tanzania ? South Africa ?  now in Ghana ?  elsewhere ....  Best wishes Will 

---------- Forwarded message ---------
From: Emmanuel Benjamin <emmanuel.benjamin@tum.de>
Date: Fri, 7 Oct 2022 at 08:50
Subject: [paepard] RE: Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) for Sustainable Urban Farming in Sub-Saharan Africa
To: Platform for African – European Partnership in Agricultural Research for Development Phase II (PAEPARD II) <PAEPARD@faraafrica.community>, paepard@dgroups.org <paepard@dgroups.org>


Dear valued colleagues,
A new publication "Technology-Business-Management of Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) for Sustainable Urban Farming in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Challenges and Opportunities" is now available online. You can find the preprint on the following webpage: https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202210.0041/v1
Regards
Emmanuel Olatunbosun Benjamin, PhD
Technische Universität München / Technical University of Munich Department of Agricultural Production and Resource Economics Alte Akademie 14
85354 Freising
Tel: + 49 (0) 8161 - 71 - 2772
Fax: + 49 (0) 8161 - 71 - 4426
Skype: olusegun.benjamin1



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